This study is an assessment of rural poverty and food insecurity in Fika Local Government Area, Yobe State. Poverty in Fika is overwhelmingly an endemic rural problem. Farming is the mainstay of the economy of this area. Unfortunately, majority of the people lack access to modern farming inputs, as such they are unable to produce what is sufficient to sustain them. As a result of this, poverty becomes very pervasive which in turn reinforce the level of food insecurity in the area. The main objective of the study is to assess rural poverty and food insecurity in Fika Local Government Area of Yobe State. The specific objectives are: to find out the factors associated with persistent poverty; to investigate the reasons for food insecurity; and to establish the degree to which rural farmers sell their food and other agricultural commodities immediately after harvest in Fika Local Government Area. A sample of 300 heads of households was taken using a multi- stage cluster sampling technique. Key informant interviews were also conducted with 10 stakeholders in the LGA. Interview schedule were used to collect data from the respondents and analysis was done using SPSS. Vicious cycle theory of poverty was used as the theoretical framework. The study found that most of the rural dwellers in Fika LGA are farmers but cannot produce sufficient food to cater for their needs throughout the year. The reasons for both poverty and food insecurity in Fika LGA, as found in the study, include illiteracy, unemployment, poor infrastructure, inability of some farmers to cultivate large farm land, rural - urban migration, shortage of farm inputs such as fertilizers, lack of rural extension officers, and poor storage facilities among others. Based on the findings of the study, some of the recommendations made: the farmers in the LGA should diversify their farm production to include cash crop; agricultural extension officers should educate the people on modern farming and storage techniques to boost their production capacity and to enable them preserve their excess productions. Government should put more efforts in reducing illiteracy and unemployment and also provide basic infrastructure in the areas. It should also come up with relevant Policies aimed at empowering the rural populace in the LGA.