This study examined the relationship between linguistic ability and critical thinking of undergraduate literature students. It attempted to answer the levels of students' critical thinking in terms of Bloom's taxonomy and the relationship between students' linguistic ability and critical thinking skills. Using the descriptive research design, this study administered two sets of questionnaires on linguistic ability and critical thinking skills. Although English has been the medium of instruction in the Philippine universities for decades now, the scores reveal that the students' level of critical thinking needs improvement. The linguistic ability of students shows that it has not been fully developed as proficiently as desired. There is a significant relationship between linguistic ability and critical thinking on knowledge, comprehension, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation but not on application. The need to re-focus more on higher level thinking activities particularly on synthesis and evaluation is suggested to improve considerably the students' critical thinking skills and linguistic abilities in English.