This study aimed to compare activity participation patterns, leg neuromuscular performance, and lean body mass between medical and non-medical students. Forty-seven medical students and 64 non-medical students' habitual physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. The peak torque and the time to peak torque for the knee extensor and flexor muscles were measured using isokinetic dynamometry. The leg muscle reflex contraction time was estimated using surface electromyography and accelerometry. Lean body mass was quantified from a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Medical students spent 2.73 hours less time in exercise per week than the non-medical students (p < 0.001). In addition, the medical students had 20.48% higher isokinetic peak torque of knee flexors (p = 0.034), and their time to peak torque of knee extensors was 66.06 ms shorter (p = 0.007) than that of the non-medical students. Medical students demonstrated better knee muscular performance than non-medical students even though they exercised less. Further studies are required to explore factors that contribute to the medical students' superior knee muscular performance and the adverse effects associated with inadequate exercise.