Currently there is healthy global discussion and debate on what kind of governance is required to sustain protected areas in the future. There are some who believe the notion of "stakeholders" is no longer appropriate for protected area management. The idea of "constituencies" has been suggested as a much more descriptive, and broader, identification of those impacted by decisions and thus would include not only citizens but visitors and others who benefit from the values and heritage provided by protected areas. Sustainable development cannot be achieved without the appropriate means and mechanisms for empowering and involving the stakeholders and partners, and for holding them responsible. Furthermore, there is evidence that this interrelation requires a new understanding of planning ("extreme planning"). Jungmeier (2011) draws the conclusion in his paper on Third Generation Protected Areas that protected areas, stringently put into the context of sustainable development, form a "third generation" of protected areas. The most important and distinctive elements of this new generation are the new mechanisms of steering and governing, an increasing number of scientific disciplines and a new understanding of the socio-sphere in the eco-sphere. A socio-sphere is comprised of individuals with very different lifestyles and social networks living in close proximity without untoward interference with each other. An eco-sphere is the volume of area where biological matter can exist. Management of protected areas has increased in complexity and thus requires particular personal and technical competencies (Jungmeier 2011). The growth and transformation of the 210,000 ha Baviaanskloof World Heritage Site, which incorporates a Nature Reserve and Wilderness Area, to exciting expansion plans for the development of a 500,000 ha mega-reserve, has been observed by the author over a period of twenty four years between 1988 and 2012. The author concludes with his recommendations on the most appropriate form of governance for the proposed Baviaanskloof Mega-Reserve Landscape Initiative (BMR) based on these observations.