Artificial insemination (AI) is the act of collecting semen from the male, preserving it until use, and depositing it in the reproductive tract of the female when she expresses estrus. The semen may be sexed if desired. AI has its advantages and disadvantages. It allows for better utilization of sires, reduces the hazards and costs of keeping males, and allows for the utilization of multiple sires. However, it requires extensive training and skill development, has a high initial investment, has maintenance costs, and increases requirements for management. Animal producers should weigh the positives and the negatives to determine if AI is appropriate for their production systems. Artificial insemination is placing collected fresh, stored or cryopreserved semen intravaginaly, transcervical or intrauterine artificially. A pioneer biotechnology of reproduction, which was 1st started in Italy by Abbe Lazzaro Spallanzani (1870) and have been used in Ethiopia and other countries. Evaluation of female gynecological and technique of estrus detection and investigation of male fertility are mandatory for successful AI. Although AI is the powerful tool for the detection and management of genetic merits it have disadvantages and constraints if we don't follow the correct procedure. So we have to detect estrus correctly, inseminate timely and we have to follow correct procedures of semen preparation for satisfactory results. And also their should be one national body that is responsible to coordinate and monitor AI service, herd recording, livestock breeding programs and be very well organized in human and material resources to get the expected results.