Brine samples were taken from Tainan Salt Field of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China. After extracting total DNA 16S rRNA gene of the microorganisms, the samples were amplified by PCR and 454 high-throughput sequencing were used for the investigation of bacterial and archaeal communities and species diversity. A total of 6089 bacterial valid reads were obtained from the brine samples and 4589 trimmed reads were remained after trimming. The bacterial community in the sample was dominated by the Acinetobacter (31.36%) and Delftia (24.10%) in genus level. A total of 5184 archaeal valid reads were obtained from the brine samples and 4203 trimmed reads were remained after trimming. The archaeal community in the samples was dominated by the Halorubrum (57.77%) in genus level. The study revealed the community composition of halophilic bacteria and archaea in Tainan Salt Field of Lianyungang, indicating that there are abundant halophilc microorganisms resources and new species in it. Thus, this study could provide theoretical data for the exploration and development of new species in the future.