We explored the human development index (HDI) and point to new sets of research inquiry that suggest bleak nexus between human development and sustainability in the Third World. A critical reengagement with the world systems theory was apt to re-examine possible transformation of the Third World societies as inequality, poverty and improved wellbeing remain global challenges. The paper suggests that such linkages have been dreary as global asymmetry pervades. This divides the world along the affluent North and poor South and partly accounts for systemic distortions at attaining equitable and sustainable human development. It recommends a redefined human development paradigm one which is pro human, pro nature and pro poor premised on equality.