The study is aimed at comparative financial performance of Islamic banking versus conventional banking. Although, Islamic finance has registered a considerable grow in recent years. The assets of Islamic funds are doubled in five years. That is why this growth cannot go unnoticed. These figures demonstrate that the interest has to be concerned with the role of Islamic finance in the global sphere. Behalf of the financial specifics, many questions arise concerning Islamic finance, especially Islamic banks and performance. Therefore, a sample of 20 banks, including 11 Islamic and 9 conventional, during the period 2010 to 2014, were analyzed to answer to following question: does Islamic and conventional banks are distinguished from each other based on the financial characteristics and if they have the same determinants of performance? Then, in our research we prove that based on performance determinants, it turns out that the funds (Investments) and distributed credits are the main components of the performance of Islamic banks. However, the credit quality of deposit and portfolio are important variables that influence the profitability of conventional banks