This study was carried out to assess tree species diversity and distribution within the vegetation area at the College of Forestry and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Makurdi in Nigeria. Trees are important component of vegetation because of their economic value to mankind. There is high pressure on forest estates, especially in the tropics; due to high demand on forest economic resources as a result of geometric increase of human population in the region. The study area covered with vegetation was estimated to be 106,875 m². About 21,375 m² of the site was sampled and divided into plots, sizes of 50×50 m, thereby given a total of 8 plots i.e. 20% of the total study area. The plots were laid 25 m apart, perpendicular to a road track within the study area. In each sample plot, data collected during the study included: the number of individual species; tree height, stem diameter ≥ 10 cm. Stem diameters and total height were measured using diameter tape and Haga altimeter, respectively. A total number of 177 trees were enumerated within the sampled area. The results of the study showed 32 genera belonging to 20 families were present. Families of Combretaceae had 6 frequency and Vebenaceae, Rutaceae, Anacardiaceae, Leguminosae were dominant with 3 frequencies each; Daniellia oliverii recorded the highest frequency of 29. Some economic tree species (such as: Prosopis africana, Pakia biglobosa, Khaya senegalenses and Burkia africana) were still available in appreciable numbers. Farming and grazing were some of the major problems in the study area. There is serious need for restriction and proper monitoring of this study area. This measure will prevent some of the economic tree species from becoming threatened in the study area.