Abstract

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Cyperus rotundus plant belongs to (Cyperaceae) family has a common local name siada. It has many different medical uses and these were based on the different parts of the plant. The aim of this work to extract Cyperus rotundus rhizomes oil, identify chemical components, test the antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of the oil. Three samples from cyperus rotudus rhizomes were collected from different locations in North kordofan State (Elrahad(A), Elobeid(B) and Bano(C)). The extraction process was carried out by hydrodistillation. The percentage yield of the hydrodistilled essential oil prepared from the three samples (A, B and C) gave 2.9%, 0.6% and 1.8% respectively. Analysis of the oils by GC/MS resulted in the identification of 75, 83 and 79 compounds for samples A, B and C respectively. The composition of the essential oils differed qualitatively and quantitatively according to the growing places. The antimicrobial activity was tested by cup-plate agar diffusion method using four different concentrations of the three extracted oil samples (100, 50, 25 and 12.5mg/ml) against four types of bacteria (Staphylococcus aurous, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli) and two fungi strains (Candid albican and Aspergillusnige). Candid albican was the most susceptible to extract (A) at higher concentration (100mg/ml) among the tested microorganisms the inhibition zone diameter was found to be 20mm. Extract B have been shown to possess the strongest antimicrobial activity against Aspergillusniger at higher concentration 100mg/ml with an inhibition zone diameter 20mm. Extract C at concentration 100mg/ml exhibited moderate antimicrobial effect in the range 14-17mm towards investigated microorganisms. Other concentrations for the three samples A, B and C have been shown to possess an inhibition zone diameter in the range of 13- 17 mm. DPPH and iron chelating ability assays were used to test the antioxidative properties of the extracted oils. The radical scavenging assay percentage (%RSA±SD) was found to be 01±0.04, 0.0, 06±0.11 and 88±0.04 for samples A, B, C and the standard respectively. The iron chelating ability percentage was found to be 01±0.02, 55±0.03, 29±0.2 and 98±0.01 for the samples A, B, C and standard respectively. The study recommended further study on other part of the plant.

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