Background: Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds possess many nutritional values and a wide range of dietary and therapeutic applications.

Hypothesis: Long-term administration of cumin caused toxic effects and infertility in male rodents but its hormonal effects in females have been remained unclear.

Purpose: We aimed in the present study to determine the acute and repeated dose toxicity of cumin essential oil with investigating the biochemical, hormonal and histopathological effects in female mice.

Study Design and Methods: After providing the essential oil and analyzing by GC_MS analysis, toxicity assessments performed by OECD 425 and 407 guidelines. We used Chemiluminescence Immunoassays and immunohitochemal assessments for determination of serum levels and tissue levels of steroids .

Results: Acute test didn't show any sign of toxicity in doses up to 2000 mg/kg but in repeated dose test, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects were recorded by biochemical and histopathological evidence. Significant weight gains in all dose groups (p< 0.001) which were exposed to cumin essential oil showed its obesogenic effects but significant weight gains in the uterus (p=0.001),mild edema in endometrium , moderate edema in perimeter layers of animals which were exposed to low and medium cumin doses, as well as its hyperplastic effects in endometrial epithelium of high dose group suggested the endocrine disrupting effects which was confirmed by marked estradiol elevation and antiprogesterone properties in all dose groups.